Beijing Capital International Airport Development Project Construction Essay

Beijing Capital International Airport Development get a line social structure Essay1. This guideline has been brisk as an evaluation and condensation of a full environment repair assessment (EIA) of the proposed Project Beijing Low damage International Airport (PLCA), which leave behind be prepared for the Government by the consulting group of the Faculty of scotchs and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, fol number oneing china Government guidelines by The Ministry of environmental Protection of the Peoples Republic of China, formally known as Chinas State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and the methodologies described in Environmental Assessment Requirements and Environmental limited review Procedures of the Asian Development Bank (1993) and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects (1990). The objective of the EIA is to ensure that environment aspects are addressed and emf problems are foreseen at the appropriate coif of check de sign. Hence, at the preliminary level, a coordinator is selected for the EIA to collect detail background information. The EIA report would be based on (i) the Project feasibility study prepared by Airways Engineering Consultants under Bank technical assistant (TA), (ii) discussions with principal authors of the above documents, (iii) field visits to the Project site and local governing body capital, and, (iv) discussions with local organisation and pertinent National Government officials with environmental responsibilities.2. The methods employ to carry give away the EIA for bushel identification included(i) review of available literature,(ii) meetings with National and local government activity officials,(iii) site visits to the PLCA and surrounding areas,(iv) discussions with inhabitants near the site via door to door survey,(v) ambient disruption and pipeline quality and jump body of water quality sampling and interrogation in the field and in the laboratory, and(vi) application of professional knowledge and experience.3. Besides, the EIA would require a baseline study on data and impact evaluation, assessment, documentation, decision making and post audits that incorporates the results and conclusions in the report of the EIA.II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT4. The rapid scotch growth in China has led to the increase numbers of accept for air transport service consumer, in both passengers and despatch. Being located at the capital of the Peoples Republic of China, the flourish of tourism sector, business and cargo service had caused the authorized capacity of Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK) registered 65.3 million passengers and achieved 1,420,997 tonnes of cargo traffic in year 2009, which ranked the 3rd and 14th busiest in transnational respectively. It has reached an efficiency score since year 2006 till now (Andrew Yuen Zhang, 2009). However, the PEK which has three terminals can only handle 78 million passengers per year. A t the same term, since the projection for passenger capacity in 2012 would reach more than 90 million, it would be over congested in just round the corner. The current alternative or nighest planetary aerodrome available is Tianjin BinHai International Airport, all the same it is located too far, 160km from Beijing. While the nearby Beijing Nanyuan Airport (NAY) located north to Daxing is owned by military and serves as a middle cost domestic airport that capable of handling only 1.2 million passengers per year, hence it is viable to look for a new destination to build an international airport that in future might accommodate the airlines currently using NAY. Strategic locality might be one of the factors that passengers are generally still prefer to buck at PEK due to time and cost convenient. Besides, the design of PEK cannot accommodate airbus A380. Hence, it is urgent to look for a new suitable jam to build a new airport that is schedule for completion in year 2015 to cate r the future demand.5. Previously, on that point was breath that the major difference between the current and new Beijing airport to segregate into either serving the local or international market so that there would be no overlap. However, it had received many objections due to its unfairness nature. It is proposed here that due to the rising of the low cost proposition in international market, the proposed Project is to design and construct a Beijing Low Cost International Airport. This can divert the passengers from the PEK that PLCA can be an aviation hub based low cost service that encourage more tourists and tap in the budgeted travel market. This is not the latest concept for low cost terminal building in China as the first has operated in Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, which was limited only for domestic flights from May 2008 to October 2009. A survey conducted by Civil Aviation sack of China showed that 92% of respondents opt for low cost flights, if is requ isite to pay the air ticket by their own. Following the global market trend, due to progressively cost-conscious travelers, a huge new low cost airport that can cater 70-80 million passengers is proposed to be reasonable. The Beijing concept would be a fortunate one since it is not like the Zhengzhou model which failed due to restricted for domestic. In order to meet the forecasted traffic, the size for new airport would be 3,800 hectares (ha) of land.6. The suggested locations for the new airport include Lixian Town in Daxing District (39 33 8 North, 116 26 42 East), a downtown rural area covers an area of 1,012 square kilometers with a population of 671,444, as in year 2000 statistics. It is about 40 kilometers (km) south of the Beijing and can be connected to Beijing via Jingkai Express Highway. An early(a) suggested location for the PLCA is at Guan District which is 60 km away from the current airport.7. The first phase of development of the PLCA, the Project, will meet air tr affic forecast demand for the year 2016, would involve the size of 1, 800 ha. This involves large turboprop aircraft with sufficient range to cover both the local and international demand. Development covers the soil improvement and earthworks essential of construct a arrive strip 2,300 meters (m) in length, with an initial runway length of 3,500 m. The project will also complete with enough passenger and cargo terminals, car park and access roads control tower crash fire, and rescue building ancillary buildings housing for airport staff bollixwater intercession plant and a potable water system electric power fuel farm perimeter fencing and supporting airfield lighting and sailplaning aids. All of the security verification system, luggage system and other essential facilities are well equipped. The new runway would be fitted for Boeing 737, Airbus A320 and Airbus A380. There would be assorted choices of restaurants, stores and duty free shops. It is not a luxurious one, but wit h just a simple interior decoration. All these would reduce in the airport landing fee and airport twist fee (ACF). As the proposed airport would be a low cost and incorporate the trendy green airport concept, embarkation ramps is not provided. The following phase would claim another 1,700 ha land, and total runway 7000 km. A 100 ha of unoccupied land is reserved as part of the Project to provide added protection in the approach areas from future possible encroachment by non-airport development. Every passenger is allowed to carry 15 kg luggage, five kg less than under normal regulations.III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTA. Physical Resources and Natural Environment8. The PLCA is proposed to be located at an area of battlefield land, which is typical of the Lixian Town at Daxing District (Wu, et. al, 2010). The soil is heavy metal and hence not suitable for veg growing, but can be used for construction (Hu, et. al, 2006). Currently, the residence in the area depends on agricultu re or food service that support Beijings demand. Due to the changing characteristics of the soil, a transition of economic activity is predicted. A detail studies should be carried out at the Project site for determining the suitability of the land and the possibility of earthquake and other inherent disaster.9. The climate of the area follows the four seasons, as similar to Beijing. The average temperature ranges from a high of 17.9 to a low of 7.2 Celsius. The wind velocity needs to be obtained from the China Meteorological Administration.10. The baseline monitoring should be carried out. Both on the site itself and the nearby highway Jingkai Expressway. The air quality, level of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide have to be firm and compared with the national benchmarks.11. The Longhe River and Xintiantang river are required to be carried out environment assessment as both of the rivers support the agriculture activities at the area.12. Baseline monitoring of the surface water qu ality ought to be conducted at the two rivers. Sampling and testing are needed to understand the befoulment level by human waste in surrounding areas.13. Since the site of the airport is nearby to residents are and most of them are still relying the recitation well, so the groundwater have be tested on the requirement of water treatment.14. Since there are twelve forests and Yongding River as the mother river supporting many subrivals in nearby town within Daxing district, so the level of possibility of endanger to the flora and fauna need to be assessed. It is understood that the fishing activities have decreased due to the less raining in historic few years.C. Human and Economic Development15. The PLCA is in an area of low population density.16. Most of the residents of the area are farmers and minuscular businessman who sell vegetable that supports the demands from Beijing city. However, the income level is quite low compared to the city.17. The predominant land use around t he PLCA is agriculture.D. Quality of Life Values18. Near to the site in other town but not at Lixian Town itself, only forests and some Mosques which are served as heritage conservative sites. There is healthcare service, power line, electricity, telephone, water treatment service for the area.IV. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES19. This section assesses the potential impact of the proposed development of the PLCA on the surrounding environment and presents mitigation measures. It would cover the potential effects associated with location, design, construction and operation.A. Environmental Impacts Due to Location1. dislocation of Surface and Groundwater20. The environment impacts of the location need to be carried out.2. Relocation21. Resettlement is required for some masked villages or called as cun but the impact is needed a further studies.3. Land Values22. There would be an increase in land values for residential areas, nearby to the highway, airport . The local government hence has to do a proper planning to avoid bubble economics for the housing sectors.23. The impact of the ecology from airport need to be taken into consideration.B. Environmental Impacts Due to Project Design1. Nearby River Erosion, Flooding24. The construction of the airport could create a large impervious surface in an area that is now covered by grassland and some brush and trees. If the drainage is poor designed, it would affect the nearby rivers.2. establishment of Human Waste25. There is potential pollution of surface water and groundwater due to the possible introduction of turbidity and coliform bacteria from human waste will be mitigated by the design of a wastewater treatment plant.3. Petroleum Water Disposal26. Some spilling of fuel is likely to occur during the aircraft refueling on the aircraft parking aprons, and it is necessary to trap and filter out these wastes before they enter the main drainage system of the aprons, which will empty into t he nearby small river. To reduce such impact, the drainage system of the aprons will be designed so that water runoff during rains will be channeled into subsurface drains that will hold up a trap system, accessible through and through access holes, to filter out and collect wastewater treatment plant after being treated to deferral down the hydrocarbons.C. Environment Impacts During PLCA Construction27. With the good design and construction standards and procedures are adopted according to Green Airport, it is expected to have minimum impacts. A contractual guarantee which include the environment impact associated with construction is a most appropriate way to ensuring such implementation to be adhered.1. Sediment Runoff28. The construction program might have impact towards the nearby river and altering its natural flow. This would affect the number of fish population in the river. Hence, implementation of erosion and deposit control is required to minimized the impact. The area should also replant threes alongside to ensure the green environment to be accomplished.2. Dust and Noise/Vibration contamination29. The dust pollution would be under control due to latest technology. The noise and vibration pollution is minimized via strict rules and regulations so that it wont affect the living hood of population nearby. No construction work is allowed before 7am and after 7pm on weekdays, weekends and public holiday. Penalty of RMB5000 would be imposed once there is an enforcement operation or any complaints regarding the constructor violate the rules and regulations.3. Worker Safety and Health30. Worker pencil eraser and health will be ensured via protection through contractual undertakings to implement safe site practices.4. Slum Creation31. Since there is job creation and recruitment of workforce from the residence nearby and no sourcing of workers from other areas are needed, hence there is little(a) needs for building temporary on-site house and this red uce the risk of slum creation.5. Traffic Congestion, Blocking, or Disruption of Utilities32. The current level of traffic on the main highway near the site is not congested. There are new highways opening soon. Hence, there is little traffic problem arises.D. Impacts During PLCA Operation33. The impacts during operation phase should be analyzed and forecasted.1. Noise/Vibration Disturbance34. The accepted level of noise/vibration worry is about 65 decibels or 65 Ldn (day-night noise level) to the nearest residential area, since there would be some distance from the airport, hence the impact can be minimized. The distance between the airport and nearest housing area, hence, is needed to be estimated. Besides, controlling of noise/vibration disturbance can be done via the emplacement of the air traffic control by having schedule in the daytime and less air traffic in the night time. However, a completed noise analysis has to be carried out based on the forecasted future flight traff ic volume. Noise monitoring terminals would be build to ensure the minimal impact of noise pollution.2. Water Pollution/Escape of Sanitary Wastes35. The construction of wastewater treatment plant and sewage distribution lines must be part of the Project. The water, oddly at the terminal area needs to be treated with the latest green technology. Potable water for airport operations need to be provided from a drilled well, or wells with treatment to meet World Health Organization standards.3. Air Pollution36. The EIA should ensure minimum impact of air pollution even the operation of PLCA starts.4. Congestion at Airport Access and Exit37. The congestion level is ought to be estimated, regardless of current low level of usage and new highways are opening soon.5. Hazards to Traffic from Operation Aircraft38. The residential areas or buildings nearby are low and little risk arises for the height over aircraft passing. How, the dead-on(prenominal) level is needed to be assessed to reduc e any potential risk.6. Human and Economic Development39. The impact on possible changes from rural-to-urban would lead to migration towards areas nearby PLCA is needed to be assessed. Although it would bring job creation and have minor socio-economic changes from agriculture or small business towards service based, a details assessment would be required to ensure the culture is balanced and not change drastically.40. The local government would play a very major role in permitting licenses for buildings and business. The potential positive impact would most probably be the increasing public facilities which is currently lacking.7. Quality of Life Values41. The current lacking of public facilities and facilities would be improved via the proposed project. The income level would be increased while the potential changes would be the population migration from other area in searching for employment opportunity.8. Environmental Overview42. The project will not involve scare or irreplaceab le resource in line with the green airport concept. Raw materials such as mainstay and gravel should be employed for its construction and future expansion. No loss of biodiversity should be achieved.V. ALTERNATIVES43. The other alternative which is considered feasible is Guan as one of the nominated site. It is a downtown further down than Lixian Town.VI. COST BENEFIT ANALYSESA. Internal Rate of Return44. The economic internal rate of return for the Project should be estimated.B. Economic Benefits45. The potential main economic benefit would be income generated from visitors expenditures, time saving for passengers, and the value of foregone passenger and cargo traffic. Cost saving due to low landing cost and additional employment and increased in property value are not included in this analysis.C. Project Costs46. Project costs include (i) civil works, (ii) other construction, (iii) equipment and its installation, (iv) consulting engineering design and supervision, and (v) cost fo r abatement for pollution.D. Monitoring and Reporting Cost47. Monitoring will be required to carried out during construction and operation of the Project. It would be a contractual base.E. Nonqualified Environment Impacts48. Any negative impacts in environment would be internalized into the cost of Project. Hence, cost-benefit and cost potentiality of such pollution is not based on separated budget.VII. INSTITUSIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMA. Institutional Capacity49. Since there are many experiences on airport building by China Aviation Society, hence with the assistant from consultant on EIA, which adhere to rules and regulations as mentioned earlier, no special training is required. However, the government needs to support on the low cost airline in order to be successful implemented.B. Monitoring Program50. The impacts of the proposed PLCA Project is needed to carried out whether it is significant in order to decide on the relevant type of monitoring p rogram.51. Sedimentation and control of erosion and water runoff, water quality, worker safety and health, and traffic interference would be the utmost monitoring items during construction period. All other monitoring programs are yet to be indentified after a staring(a) study.52. Monitoring program for operation phase are also required for the preparation of control over kinds of potential serious pollution.C. Documentations53. Clear documentations are required. reserve recommendation should be included in the working document with the alternative environmental and economic impacts adhered.VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT54. Public function is distinguished in this 21st century that the demand and supply is matched without major objection from the public. Local residents can be consulted via public hearing on the Project plan or random door-to-door survey can be carried out with sets of questionnaire on their view of potential impacts in term of the environment, social and economic tow ards the communities.55. The public involvement between public and developer is needed for the negotiation on the required acquisition and compensation.IX. DECISION-MAKING56. The EIA would be important to facilitate the decision making process for the decision makers, however it does not serve as an absolute path. If it is rejected, further studies is required on alternatives.IXI. POST AUDITS47. Post audits are required to determine how closely to reality the EIA predictions. It is important to avoid any form of bureaucratic constrains. General statements in the body of legislation would be good as supplementary guidelines would be required from time to time.